Progress through Mechanics: Mechanics vs. Morphogenesis
نویسنده
چکیده
Over years of evolution, Mother Nature is able to produce precise, differentiable and intriguing morphologies in biological systems. The mechanisms underpinning the formation of these fascinating shapes and patterns have evoked scientists’ interests for centuries. While there is no doubt that the biological and genetic factors significantly influence morphogenesis, the active role of physics and mechanics should not be underemphasized [1], as revealed by increasing recent works on the role of mechanical force in the regulation of plant morphology [2], cell growth and cell differentiation [3], and tissue morphogenesis [4], among others. For example, self-organized mechanical instability provides promising explanation of the morphologies of some plants and tissue growth, where buckling could effectively reduces the system’s strain energy during growth. The mechanical buckling principle has been employed to explain the formation of phyllotactic pattern in compressed tunica [5], primordium initiation in sunflower capitulum [6], and surface patterns during growth of anisotropic tissues [7]. Fibonacci patterns widely observed in flowering cactus and pine cones were reproduced through the mechanical buckling of spherical layered microstructures made of inorganic materials [8]. More specifically,
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